KSU web authors will need to learn a few basic UNIX commands to perform common tasks and maintain order in directory structure. Once logged into your respective machine, you simply type the commands as needed. To get more information on UNIX as well as an official introduction, visit the TechHelp section of the KSU Help System.
Macintosh users should note that many commands listed below can be performed more easily in Fetch. When a command has a Fetch equivalent, it is noted below.
IDENTIFYING THE CURRENT DIRECTORY
Directories on a UNIX machine are similar to folders on a Macintosh. Just as you can have a folder in a folder in a folder, you can have a directory in a directory, etc. Use the command below to display the current directory.
pwd
Shows you what directory you are in currently, your working directory.
CHANGING DIRECTORIES
Use the commands below to move between directories.
cd dirname
Connects to the directory named dirname. Use this command, for example, to connect to your publishing directory after you log on. Here are some examples:
cd ~ftp/depts/admissions
cd ~ftp/depts/dp
cd ~ftp/student/sa
cd public_html
Fetch users can select Change Directory from the Directories menu, or they can use the pop-down directory box.
cd ..
Connects to the directory one level up from the current directory. (That's a cd, space, and two periods.) Use this command, for example, when you are in one of your publishing subdirectories and you want to move up one level.
cd
Connects to your login directory. When you log on, you are automatically placed in your login directory, or home directory. This command takes you back to that directory.
LISTING THE CONTENTS OF THE CURRENT DIRECTORY
Use the commands below to see a list of the files in the current directory. Fetch automatically displays the contents of the current directory.
ls
Lists all files and subdirectories, except for those that begin with a period, such as .links files.
ls -al
Lists all files and subdirectories (including those that begin with a period), with owners and sizes.
CREATING, REMOVING, AND MOVING DIRECTORIES
Use the commands below to create, move, or remove directories.
mkdir dirname
Creates a subdirectory named dirname in the current directory. Fetch users can select Create New Directory from the Directories menu.
rmdir dirname
Removes the subdirectory named dirname from the current directory. Fetch users can select Delete Directory or File from the Remote menu.
mv dir1 dir2
Moves (renames) the subdirectory (and its contents) named dir1 to dir2. Fetch users can select Rename File from the Remote menu.
MANIPULATING FILES
Use the commands below to copy, move, remove, or display files.
cp file1 file2
Makes a copy of the file named file1 and names the copy file2.
mv file1 file2
Moves (renames) the file named file1 to file2. Fetch users can select Rename File from the Remote menu.
rm filename
Removes the file named filename. Fetch users can select Delete Directory or File from the Remote menu.
more filename
Displays the file named filename one screen at a time. Fetch users can select View File from the Remote menu.
EDITING FILES
pico filename
Edits the file named filename with the Pico, an editor that is easy for new users to learn.
CHANGE GROUP AFFILIATION OF DIRECTORIES OR FILES
*Note: You must own the file or directory you want to change and you must belong to group you are changing it to.
chgrp group-name filename
Changes group affiliation of filename to group-name.
chgrp -R group-name dirname
Changes group affiliation of dirname and all files within dirname to group-name.
GIVE GROUP MEMBERS WRITE PRIVILEGES
*Note: You must own the file or directory you want to change.
chmod g+w filename
Gives the group write privileges to filename. Any member of the group affiliated with filename can change or delete the file. Use g-w to remove group write privileges.
chmod -R g+w dirname
Gives the group write privileges to all files within dirname. Any member of the group affiliated with dirname can change or delete any file within dirname. Use g-w to remove group write privileges.
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